It is important to consider appropriate water selection for a given need. Whenever possible, avoid using purified water such as filtered, reverse osmosis (RO), or deionized (DI) water sources. Water purification comes with inherent economic and throughput costs. In addition to the processing equipment and energy costs, it requires 3 liters of water to generate 1 liter of DI water.

• Type I: Ultrapure, reagent grade. Resistivity of >18 MΩ-cm, a conductivity of <0.056 µS/cm and <50 ppb of Total Organic Carbons (TOC). Utilized for highly sensitive procedures such as HPLC, molecular biology, or mammalian cell culture applications.
• Type II: Pure, Analytical Grade. Resistivity of >1 MΩ-cm, a conductivity of <1 µS/cm and <50 ppb of TOCs. Produced through Reverse Osmosis as followed by de-ionization or distillation. Often used for buffer/media preparation, cytology/histology, and glassware rinsing.
• Type III: Pure, Laboratory Grade. Resistivity of >4 MΩ-cm, a conductivity of <0.25 µS/cm and <200 ppb of TOCs. Produced through Reverse Osmosis. Commonly used for steam generators/autoclave feeds, laboratory animal consumption, and hydroponics.

Low Flow Faucet Aerators that introduce air into the water stream to product a larger and whiter stream that is soft to the touch and non-splashing.

Don't let water sources run when they don't need to be running. Only run equipment that uses water, like glassware washers and autoclaves, when they're full.

Whenever possible, waterless condensers should be substituted for water-based condensers. Instead of running water continuously to cool a reaction, use a closed-loop water system or recirculating water bath.